"73 percent of Blackberry owners have downloaded 5 or fewer applications; in contrast, 72 percent of iPhone owners have downloaded 10 or more applications
Facebook is hot among iPhone owners: 71 percent of iPhone users report accessing Facebook from their mobile device, 37 percent listed Facebook as one of their top three most utilized apps and 18 percent claim it’s their favorite app.
30 percent of all smartphone owners are either comfortable or very comfortable receiving targeted marketing on their device."
Source: Quarterly Smartphone Intelligence Survey, reported in a press release from Conpete Inc, 10th September 2009
Wednesday, September 30, 2009
UK online ad spend breakdown: Search 63%, Classified 19%, Display 18%
"Paid-for search continued to grow, proving itself a mainstay of marketing budgets with an 11.8% increase from H1 2008 to H1 2009. As the purest form of direct response advertising, search is proving recession-friendly with marketers investing £1.1bn during H1 2009, which equates to 62.6% of all online advertising expenditure.
Total online classified spend was £335.8m in H1 2009 – or 19.2% of all online ad spend – and saw a slight decline of 3.6% in this period. However within this ‘further classifieds’, increased by 29% despite the property market crash and stalled automotive sector to £215.2m, promising news for the industry
Online display was down 5.2% year on year to £316.5m, with an 18.1% share of all online advertising revenues. Online display buoyed a tough year as all other mainstream media saw a double digit decline. "
Source: Figures from the IAB / PwC for January - June 2009, reported in their press release on 30th September 2009
Total online classified spend was £335.8m in H1 2009 – or 19.2% of all online ad spend – and saw a slight decline of 3.6% in this period. However within this ‘further classifieds’, increased by 29% despite the property market crash and stalled automotive sector to £215.2m, promising news for the industry
Online display was down 5.2% year on year to £316.5m, with an 18.1% share of all online advertising revenues. Online display buoyed a tough year as all other mainstream media saw a double digit decline. "
Source: Figures from the IAB / PwC for January - June 2009, reported in their press release on 30th September 2009
The internet now accounts for 23.5% of UK ad spend, compared to 21.9% for TV
"The UK has become the first major economy where advertisers spend more on internet advertising than on television advertising, with a record £1.75bn online spend in the first six months of the year.
The milestone marks a watershed for the embattled TV industry, the leading ad medium in the UK for almost half a century. It has taken the internet little more than a decade to become the biggest advertising sector in the UK.
UK advertisers spent £1.75bn on internet advertising in the six months to the end of June, a 4.6% year-on-year increase, according to a report by the Internet Advertising Bureau and PricewaterhouseCoopers. To put this in perspective, in 1998, when the IAB first measured internet advertising, just £19.4m was spent online.
The internet now accounts for 23.5% of all advertising money spent in the UK, while TV ad spend accounts for 21.9% of marketing budgets."
Source: Figures from the IAB / PwC for January - June 2009, reported by The Guardian, 30th September 2009
The milestone marks a watershed for the embattled TV industry, the leading ad medium in the UK for almost half a century. It has taken the internet little more than a decade to become the biggest advertising sector in the UK.
UK advertisers spent £1.75bn on internet advertising in the six months to the end of June, a 4.6% year-on-year increase, according to a report by the Internet Advertising Bureau and PricewaterhouseCoopers. To put this in perspective, in 1998, when the IAB first measured internet advertising, just £19.4m was spent online.
The internet now accounts for 23.5% of all advertising money spent in the UK, while TV ad spend accounts for 21.9% of marketing budgets."
Source: Figures from the IAB / PwC for January - June 2009, reported by The Guardian, 30th September 2009
Tuesday, September 29, 2009
NER, GER and universal primary education
The net enrollment ratio (NER) in primary education is one of the official indicators for the Millennium Development Goal of universal primary education. The primary NER is the share of children of primary school age that are enrolled in primary school.
If all children of primary school age are enrolled in primary school, the primary NER is 100 percent. A primary NER below 100 percent means that not all children of primary school age are in primary school; some may be out of school, some may be in preschool, in secondary school or in other forms of education. By definition, the NER cannot exceed 100 percent.
The gross enrollment ratio (GER) is a related indicator. The primary GER indicates how many children, regardless of their age, are enrolled in primary school, relative to the population of primary school age.
The value of the GER can exceed 100 percent. Values above 100 percent mean that some children above or below primary school age are in primary school. A GER above 100 percent is usually an indicator of overage enrollment, for example due to repetition or late entry.
Ideally, all children in a country enter primary school at the official primary school entrance age and graduate from the final primary grade after the official duration of primary school, for example after four or six years. In this case, the primary NER would be 100 percent and universal primary education would be achieved. If no children repeated a grade, the primary GER would also be 100 percent. If we assume that some children have to repeat a grade and remain in primary school although they have reached official secondary school age, the primary GER would be slightly above 100 percent.
However, we can demonstrate that a primary NER of 100 percent is not a necessary condition for universal primary education. Similarly, the primary GER can be below 100 percent in a country, although universal primary education has been achieved. For the demonstration we refer to data for Japan. According to the Global Education Digest 2009 by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Japan has achieved universal primary education with a primary NER and GER of 100 percent in 2007, the most recent year with data.
What would happen to the NER and GER if Japanese children systematically entered and graduated from primary school one year early or one year late? These hypothetical situations can be simulated with data from the World Population Prospects 2008 by the UN Population Division. Table 1 lists the estimated population of Japan between 5 and 12 years of age in the year 2009.
Table 1: Estimated population of Japan between 5 and 12 years, 2009
Source: UN Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: 2008 Revision.
Scenario 1: entry and graduation at official age
Primary school in Japan has 6 grades and the official primary school age is 6 to 11 years. If all children enter primary school at age 6 and graduate after 6 years, the primary NER and GER can be calculated as follows.
Because there is no overage or underage enrollment, the number of children in primary school is identical to the number of children of primary school age (6 to 11 years) and thus the primary GER is identical to the primary NER.
Scenario 2: early entry
If all children enter and graduate from primary school one year early, the primary NER and GER are no longer 100 percent. The population of primary school age (6-11 years) is still 6,949,515, but in this age group only children between 6 and 10 are in primary school, in addition to children aged 5 years. In this scenario, children age 11 are already in secondary school. The number of children of primary school age enrolled in primary school is therefore 6,949,515 - 1,179,006 = 5,770,509 and the primary NER is no longer 100 percent but 83 percent.
The primary GER is still near 100 percent because the population in primary school (5-10 years) is similar to the population of primary school age (6-11 years).
Scenario 3: late entry
Now assume that all children enter and graduate from primary school one year late. Only children between 7 and 12 years are in primary school. Of the population of primary school age (6-11 years) only those between 7 and 11 are in primary school, in addition to children aged 12 years. The number of children of primary school age enrolled in primary school is therefore 6,949,515 - 1,134,317 = 5,815,198 and the primary NER is now 83.7 percent.
As in scenario 2 with early entry, the primary GER is near 100 percent because the population in primary school (7-12 years) is close to the population of primary school age (6-11 years).
Table 2 and Figure 1 summarize the primary NER and GER under the three scenarios described above. In all three scenarios there is universal primary education but in the case of early or late entry, the primary NER is far below 100 percent. On the other hand, the primary GER is equal to or near 100 percent in all three scenarios, due to the small difference between the number of children in the individual age cohorts.
Table 2: Primary NER and GER in Japan in the case of age-appropriate, early and late entry and graduation
Figure 1: Primary NER and GER in Japan in the case of age-appropriate, early and late entry and graduation
In an ideal situation, when all or almost all children enter primary school at the official entrance age and graduate after the official duration of primary school, both the NER and GER are near 100 percent. However, as demonstrated with data for Japan, a primary NER and GER of 100 percent is not a necessary condition for universal primary education. In countries where children enter school before or after the official entrance age, universal primary education can exist although the primary NER may be below 100 percent.
Related articles
Permanent URL: http://huebler.blogspot.com/2009/09/upe.html
| Primary NER | = | Number of children of primary school age enrolled in primary school |
| Number of children of primary school age |
If all children of primary school age are enrolled in primary school, the primary NER is 100 percent. A primary NER below 100 percent means that not all children of primary school age are in primary school; some may be out of school, some may be in preschool, in secondary school or in other forms of education. By definition, the NER cannot exceed 100 percent.
The gross enrollment ratio (GER) is a related indicator. The primary GER indicates how many children, regardless of their age, are enrolled in primary school, relative to the population of primary school age.
| Primary GER | = | Number of children enrolled in primary school |
| Number of children of primary school age |
The value of the GER can exceed 100 percent. Values above 100 percent mean that some children above or below primary school age are in primary school. A GER above 100 percent is usually an indicator of overage enrollment, for example due to repetition or late entry.
Ideally, all children in a country enter primary school at the official primary school entrance age and graduate from the final primary grade after the official duration of primary school, for example after four or six years. In this case, the primary NER would be 100 percent and universal primary education would be achieved. If no children repeated a grade, the primary GER would also be 100 percent. If we assume that some children have to repeat a grade and remain in primary school although they have reached official secondary school age, the primary GER would be slightly above 100 percent.
However, we can demonstrate that a primary NER of 100 percent is not a necessary condition for universal primary education. Similarly, the primary GER can be below 100 percent in a country, although universal primary education has been achieved. For the demonstration we refer to data for Japan. According to the Global Education Digest 2009 by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Japan has achieved universal primary education with a primary NER and GER of 100 percent in 2007, the most recent year with data.
What would happen to the NER and GER if Japanese children systematically entered and graduated from primary school one year early or one year late? These hypothetical situations can be simulated with data from the World Population Prospects 2008 by the UN Population Division. Table 1 lists the estimated population of Japan between 5 and 12 years of age in the year 2009.
Table 1: Estimated population of Japan between 5 and 12 years, 2009
| Age | Population |
| 5 years | 1,120,774 |
| 6 years | 1,134,317 |
| 7 years | 1,145,758 |
| 8 years | 1,155,440 |
| 9 years | 1,163,697 |
| 10 years | 1,171,297 |
| 11 years | 1,179,006 |
| 12 years | 1,185,028 |
| 5-10 years | 6,891,283 |
| 6-11 years | 6,949,515 |
| 7-12 years | 7,000,226 |
Scenario 1: entry and graduation at official age
Primary school in Japan has 6 grades and the official primary school age is 6 to 11 years. If all children enter primary school at age 6 and graduate after 6 years, the primary NER and GER can be calculated as follows.
| Primary NER | = | Number of children of primary school age enrolled in primary school |
| Number of children of primary school age | ||
| = | 6,949,515 / 6,949,515 | |
| = | 100% |
Because there is no overage or underage enrollment, the number of children in primary school is identical to the number of children of primary school age (6 to 11 years) and thus the primary GER is identical to the primary NER.
| Primary GER | = | Number of children enrolled in primary school |
| Number of children of primary school age | ||
| = | 6,949,515 / 6,949,515 | |
| = | 100% |
Scenario 2: early entry
If all children enter and graduate from primary school one year early, the primary NER and GER are no longer 100 percent. The population of primary school age (6-11 years) is still 6,949,515, but in this age group only children between 6 and 10 are in primary school, in addition to children aged 5 years. In this scenario, children age 11 are already in secondary school. The number of children of primary school age enrolled in primary school is therefore 6,949,515 - 1,179,006 = 5,770,509 and the primary NER is no longer 100 percent but 83 percent.
| Primary NER (early entry) | = | Number of children of primary school age enrolled in primary school |
| Number of children of primary school age | ||
| = | 5,770,509 / 6,949,515 | |
| = | 83.0% |
The primary GER is still near 100 percent because the population in primary school (5-10 years) is similar to the population of primary school age (6-11 years).
| Primary GER (early entry) | = | Number of children enrolled in primary school |
| Number of children of primary school age | ||
| = | 6,891,283 / 6,949,515 | |
| = | 99.2% |
Scenario 3: late entry
Now assume that all children enter and graduate from primary school one year late. Only children between 7 and 12 years are in primary school. Of the population of primary school age (6-11 years) only those between 7 and 11 are in primary school, in addition to children aged 12 years. The number of children of primary school age enrolled in primary school is therefore 6,949,515 - 1,134,317 = 5,815,198 and the primary NER is now 83.7 percent.
| Primary NER (late entry) | = | Number of children of primary school age enrolled in primary school |
| Number of children of primary school age | ||
| = | 5,815,198 / 6,949,515 | |
| = | 83.7% |
As in scenario 2 with early entry, the primary GER is near 100 percent because the population in primary school (7-12 years) is close to the population of primary school age (6-11 years).
| Primary GER (late entry) | = | Number of children enrolled in primary school |
| Number of children of primary school age | ||
| = | 7,000,226 / 6,949,515 | |
| = | 100.7% |
Table 2 and Figure 1 summarize the primary NER and GER under the three scenarios described above. In all three scenarios there is universal primary education but in the case of early or late entry, the primary NER is far below 100 percent. On the other hand, the primary GER is equal to or near 100 percent in all three scenarios, due to the small difference between the number of children in the individual age cohorts.
Table 2: Primary NER and GER in Japan in the case of age-appropriate, early and late entry and graduation
| Scenario for primary school enrollment | Primary NER (%) | Primary GER (%) |
| Entry and graduation at official age | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Entry and graduation one year early | 83.0 | 99.2 |
| Entry and graduation one year late | 83.7 | 100.7 |
Figure 1: Primary NER and GER in Japan in the case of age-appropriate, early and late entry and graduation
In an ideal situation, when all or almost all children enter primary school at the official entrance age and graduate after the official duration of primary school, both the NER and GER are near 100 percent. However, as demonstrated with data for Japan, a primary NER and GER of 100 percent is not a necessary condition for universal primary education. In countries where children enter school before or after the official entrance age, universal primary education can exist although the primary NER may be below 100 percent.
Related articles
- Official MDG targets and indicators
- Official school ages: primary, secondary and compulsory education
- Global population of primary school age, 2000-2015
- Population structure and children out of school
- Regional distribution of children out of school
- Universal primary education by 2015: A goal out of reach?
- Global Education Digest 2009
- Millennium Development Goals
- UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- World Population Prospects: 2008 Revision
- UN Population Division
Permanent URL: http://huebler.blogspot.com/2009/09/upe.html
Americans who use social networks are more affluent than the national average
"If you’re in the U.S. and are using a social network like Facebook, MySpace or LinkedIn, chances are you’re more affluent and more urban than the average American according to Nielsen Claritas, which provides in-depth segmentation analysis of consumer behavior.
“Nielsen’s online data shows that about half of the U.S. population visited a social networking website in the last year and that number grows every quarter,” said Wils Corrigan, AVP, Research & Development, Nielsen Claritas. “The rising popularity of these sites and the deep engagement consumers have with them has advertisers and marketers asking for more and more detail as to which lifestyles should be targeted for their online advertising and promotions.”
Through Claritas, Nielsen defines U.S. households in terms of 66 demographically and behaviorally distinct segments like “Young Digerati” or “Beltway Boomers.” When those segments are overlaid with the activity of Nielsen’s online panel of more than 200K, we see a marked difference in the demographic makeup of the two largest social networks, Facebook and MySpace.
Facebook users have a largely upscale profile. The top third of lifestyle segments relative to affluence were 25% more likely to use Facebook than those in the those in the lower third.
The bottom third segments related to affluence are 37% more likely to use MySpace than those in the top third.
Users of Facebook were also much more likely to use LinkedIn, a network geared towards business and professional networking, than those who use MySpace."
Source: NielsenWire blog, 25th September 2009
“Nielsen’s online data shows that about half of the U.S. population visited a social networking website in the last year and that number grows every quarter,” said Wils Corrigan, AVP, Research & Development, Nielsen Claritas. “The rising popularity of these sites and the deep engagement consumers have with them has advertisers and marketers asking for more and more detail as to which lifestyles should be targeted for their online advertising and promotions.”
Through Claritas, Nielsen defines U.S. households in terms of 66 demographically and behaviorally distinct segments like “Young Digerati” or “Beltway Boomers.” When those segments are overlaid with the activity of Nielsen’s online panel of more than 200K, we see a marked difference in the demographic makeup of the two largest social networks, Facebook and MySpace.
Facebook users have a largely upscale profile. The top third of lifestyle segments relative to affluence were 25% more likely to use Facebook than those in the those in the lower third.
The bottom third segments related to affluence are 37% more likely to use MySpace than those in the top third.
Users of Facebook were also much more likely to use LinkedIn, a network geared towards business and professional networking, than those who use MySpace."
Source: NielsenWire blog, 25th September 2009
Two billion iPhone apps have been downloaded from the iTunes app store
""Apple today announced that more than two billion apps have been downloaded from its revolutionary App Store, the largest applications store in the world. There are now more than 85,000 apps available to the more than 50 million iPhone™ and iPod touch® customers worldwide and over 125,000 developers in Apple’s iPhone Developer Program.
“The rate of App Store downloads continues to accelerate with users downloading a staggering two billion apps in just over a year, including more than half a billion apps this quarter alone,” said Steve Jobs, Apple’s CEO. “The App Store has reinvented what you can do with a mobile handheld device, and our users are clearly loving it.”"
Source: Apple press release, 28-9-09
Note - the first one billion downloads took nine months; the second took only five (24th April - 28th September)
“The rate of App Store downloads continues to accelerate with users downloading a staggering two billion apps in just over a year, including more than half a billion apps this quarter alone,” said Steve Jobs, Apple’s CEO. “The App Store has reinvented what you can do with a mobile handheld device, and our users are clearly loving it.”"
Source: Apple press release, 28-9-09
Note - the first one billion downloads took nine months; the second took only five (24th April - 28th September)
Monday, September 28, 2009
Teens would rather save money by cutting back on clothes and accessories than console & PC games
"Shopping for clothes and accessories is the first thing that teens cut back on with 23%, followed by console and PC games (19%), food, sweets and beverages (16%), going to the movies (15%), online entertainment (13%) and music (9%). However, staying in is clearly not an appealing option to teens as only 33% say that they are in more in the evenings."
Source: Research by Habbo on 61,000 12-17 year olds across 30 counties, reported in a press release, 16th September 2009
Source: Research by Habbo on 61,000 12-17 year olds across 30 counties, reported in a press release, 16th September 2009
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